February 22, 2023 | Page 8 of 9 | Heterocyclic Building Blocks-Tetrahydropyran

Soeta, Takahiro et al. published their research in Heterocycles in 2018 | CAS: 6581-66-4

2-Methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran (cas: 6581-66-4) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Numerous natural products have tetrahydropyran skeleton as the building block for designing new natural products and their derivatives e.g. aplysiatoxins, avermectins, oscillatoxins, talaromycins, latrunculins and acutiphycins. The reaction of tertiary 1,4- and 1,5-diols with cerium ammonium nitrate at room temperature gives tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran derivatives in high yield and stereoselectivity. Various fragrant compounds have been synthesized using this method.Formula: C6H12O2

Phenylphosphinic acid-promoted addition of isocyanide to 1-methoxyisochroman derivatives was written by Soeta, Takahiro;Matsuzaki, Syunsuke;Ukaji, Yutaka. And the article was included in Heterocycles in 2018.Formula: C6H12O2 This article mentions the following:

A synthetic method for preparation of isochroman-1-carboxylamides I [R¹ = H, 5-Me, 7-Br, etc.; R² = t-Bu, Ph, Bn, etc.] was developed in good to high yields by addition of isocyanides to 1-methoxyisochroman derivatives in the presence of phosphinic acid. A wide range of 1-methoxyisochroman derivatives and isocyanides were suitable for this Passerini-type reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran (cas: 6581-66-4Formula: C6H12O2).

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Vieira, Selma et al. published their research in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology in 2022 | CAS: 9008-22-4

Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Tetrahydropyran is an important raw material and intermediate used in Organic Synthesis, Pharmaceuticals, Agrochemicals and dyestuff. The bismuth chloride-assisted cross-cyclization between homoallylic alcohols and epoxides provided various benzyl tetrahydropyran derivatives. The reaction afforded good yields of desired products and occurred under mild conditions.Recommanded Product: Laminarin

Capillimicrobium parvum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel representative of Capillimicrobiaceae fam. nov. within the order Solirubrobacterales, isolated from a grassland soil was written by Vieira, Selma;Huber, Katharina J.;Geppert, Alicia;Wolf, Jacqueline;Neumann-Schaal, Meina;Luckner, Manja;Wanner, Gerhard;Muesken, Mathias;Overmann, Joerg. And the article was included in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology in 2022.Recommanded Product: Laminarin This article mentions the following:

The order Solirubrobacterales is a deep-branching lineage within the phylum Actinomycetota. Most representatives have been isolated from terrestrial environments. A strain isolated from a grassland soil was found to be affiliated with this order and therefore characterized by a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain 0166_1T are Gram-pos., short rods, non-motile, non-spore-forming and divide by binary fission. A surface layer with protrusions covers the majority of the cells. Strain 0166_1T grows optimally around neutral to slightly alk. pH (pH 7.1-7.9) and at temperatures between 24-36°C in SSE/HD 1:10 medium. It grows optimally with 0-0.5% NaCl (w/v) but can withstand concentrations up to 5%. The major fatty acids are C18:1 ω9c, C16:1 ω7c, C17:0 cyclo ω7c, C18:1 ω7c Me and C19:0 cyclo ω9c. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified glycolipid. MK-7(H4) and MK-7(H2) are the predominant respiratory quinones. meso-2,6-Diaminopimelic acid is the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The G + C content for strain 0166_1T is 72.8 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence anal. indicated that this bacterium was related to Conexibacter arvalis KV-962T and Conexibacter stalactiti YC2-25T with 95.5 and 95.2% sequence similarity, resp. Based on the phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic data, we propose the novel species Capillimicrobium parvum sp. nov. (type strain 0166_1T = DSM 104329T = LMG 29999T = CECT 9240T) of the novel genus Capillimicrobium gen. nov. within the novel family Capillimicrobiaceae fam. nov. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4Recommanded Product: Laminarin).

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids et al. published their research in EFSA Journal in 2022 | CAS: 9004-53-9

Dextrin (cas: 9004-53-9) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Tetrahydropyrans and furans principally constitute as a central motif in diverse medicinally privileged molecules. The most notable anticancer agent, bryostatin, and eribulin are marine macrolides having intriguing tetrahydropyran and furan motif. SDS of cas: 9004-53-9

Safety evaluation of the food enzyme alpha-amylase from Cellulosimicrobium funkei strain AE-AMT was written by EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids;Lambre, Claude;Barat Baviera, Jose Manuel;Bolognesi, Claudia;Cocconcelli, Pier Sandro;Crebelli, Riccardo;Gott, David Michael;Grob, Konrad;Lampi, Evgenia;Mengelers, Marcel;Mortensen, Alicja;Riviere, Gilles;Steffensen, Inger-Lise;Tlustos, Christina;Van Loveren, Henk;Vernis, Laurence;Zorn, Holger;Andryszkiewicz, Magdalena;Gomes, Ana;Liu, Yi;Rainieri, Sandra;Chesson, Andrew. And the article was included in EFSA Journal in 2022.SDS of cas: 9004-53-9 This article mentions the following:

The food enzyme α-amylase (4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.1) is produced with the non-genetically modified Cellulosimicrobium funkei strain AE-AMT by Amano Enzyme Inc. The food enzyme is free from viable cells of the production organism. It is intended to be used in starch processing for maltotriose production Since residual amounts of total organic solids (TOS) are removed by purification steps applied during starch processing, the estimation of a dietary exposure is considered unnecessary. Genotoxicity tests did not indicate a safety concern. The systemic toxicity was assessed by means of a repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in rats. The Panel identified a no observed adverse effect level at the highest dose of 230 mg TOS/kg body weight (bw) per day. Similarity of the amino acid sequence of the food enzyme to those of known allergens was searched and nine matches were found. The Panel considered that, under the intended conditions of use, the risk of allergic sensitization and elicitation reactions by dietary exposure cannot be excluded, but the likelihood is considered low. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dextrin (cas: 9004-53-9SDS of cas: 9004-53-9).

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hansen, Halvor S. et al. published their research in Journal of Computational Chemistry in 2011 | CAS: 6581-66-4

A re-optimized GROMOS force field for hexopyranose-based carbohydrates accounting for the relative free energies of ring conformers, anomers, epimers, hydroxymethyl rotamers, and glycosidic linkage conformers was written by Hansen, Halvor S.;Huenenberger, Philippe H.. And the article was included in Journal of Computational Chemistry in 2011.Electric Literature of C6H12O2 This article mentions the following:

This article presents a re-optimization of the GROMOS 53A6 force field for hexopyranose-based carbohydrates (nearly equivalent to 45A4 for pure carbohydrate systems) into a new version 56A_CARBO (nearly equivalent to 53A6 for non-carbohydrate systems). This re-optimization was found necessary to repair a number of short-comings of the 53A6 (45A4) parameter set and to extend the scope of the force field to properties that had not been included previously into the parameterization procedure. The new 56A_CARBO force field is characterized by: (i) the formulation of systematic build-up rules for the automatic generation of force-field topologies over a large class of compounds including (but not restricted to) un-functionalized poly-hexopyranoses with arbritrary connection; (ii) the systematic use of enhanced sampling methods for inclusion of exptl. thermodn. data concerning slow or un-phys. processes into the parameterization procedure; and (iii) an extensive validation against available exptl. data in solution and, to a limited extent, theor. (quantum-mech.) data in the gas phase. At present, the 56A_CARBO force field is restricted to compounds of the elements C, O, and H presenting single bonds only, no oxygen functions other than alc., ether, hemiacetal, or acetal, and no cyclic segments other than six-membered rings (separated by at least one intermediate atom). After calibration, this force field is shown to reproduce well the relative free energies of ring conformers, anomers, epimers, hydroxymethyl rotamers, and glycosidic linkage conformers. As a result, the 56A_CARBO force field should be suitable for: (i) the characterization of the dynamics of pyranose ring conformational transitions (in simulations on the microsecond timescale); (ii) the investigation of systems where alternative ring conformations become significantly populated; (iii) the investigation of anomerization or epimerization in terms of free-energy differences; and (iv) the design of simulation approaches accelerating the anomerization process along an un-phys. pathway. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran (cas: 6581-66-4Electric Literature of C6H12O2).

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhang, Yue et al. published their research in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy in 2021 | CAS: 17388-39-5

(4aR,5R,6S)-4a-Hydroxy-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-5-vinyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1(3H)-one (cas: 17388-39-5) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Tetrahydropyran is a useful synthetic intermediate. Tetrahydropyranyl (THP-) ethers derived from the reaction of alcohols and dihydropyran are common intermediates in organic synthesis. The Prins reaction of homoallylic alcohols with aldehydes afforded an alternative method for the preparation of tetrahydropyrans.Reference of 17388-39-5

Suppression of plasmacytoid dendritic cell migration to colonic isolated lymphoid follicles abrogates the development of colitis was written by Zhang, Yue;Yamamoto, Takeshi;Hayashi, Shusaku;Kadowaki, Makoto. And the article was included in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy in 2021.Reference of 17388-39-5 This article mentions the following:

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in maintaining immunol. homeostasis by orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses via migration to inflamed sites and the lymph nodes (LNs). Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) have been reported to accumulate in the colon of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. However, the role of pDCs in the progression of colonic inflammation remains unclear.80 compounds in natural medicines were searched for inhibitors of pDC migration using bone marrow-derived pDCs (BMpDCs) and conventional DCs (BMcDCs). BALB/c mice were given 3% DSS in the drinking water to induce acute colitis. Compounds, which specifically inhibited pDC migration, were administrated into DSS-induced colitis mice. Astragaloside IV (As-IV) and oxymatrine (Oxy) suppressed BMpDC migration but not BMcDC migration. In DSS-induced colitis mice, the number of pDCs was markedly increased in the colonic lamina propria (LP), and the expression of CCL21 was obviously observed in colonic isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs). As-IV and Oxy reduced symptoms of colitis and the accumulation of pDCs in colonic ILFs but not in the colonic LP. Moreover, in a BMpDC adoptive transfer model, BMpDC migration to colonic ILFs was significantly decreased by treatment with As-IV or Oxy.pDCs accumulated in the colon of colitis mice, and As-IV and Oxy ameliorated colitis by suppressing pDC migration to colonic ILFs. Accordingly, the selective inhibition of pDC migration may be a potential therapeutic approach for treating colonic inflammatory diseases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4aR,5R,6S)-4a-Hydroxy-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-5-vinyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1(3H)-one (cas: 17388-39-5Reference of 17388-39-5).

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Risha, Yousef et al. published their research in Scientific Reports in 2020 | CAS: 11024-24-1

Digitonin (cas: 11024-24-1) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Dihydropyrans and tetrahydropyrans are examples of cyclic ethers widespread in nature. 2-(Arylmethylene)cyclopropylcarbinols could be converted to the corresponding tetrahydropyrans stereoselectively in the presence of Brønsted acids under mild conditions. A plausible Prins-type reaction mechanism has been proposed.SDS of cas: 11024-24-1

The proteomic analysis of breast cell line exosomes reveals disease patterns and potential biomarkers was written by Risha, Yousef;Minic, Zoran;Ghobadloo, Shahrokh M.;Berezovski, Maxim V.. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2020.SDS of cas: 11024-24-1 This article mentions the following:

Cancer cells release small extracellular vesicles, exosomes, that have been shown to contribute to various aspects of cancer development and progression. Differential anal. of exosomal proteomes from cancerous and non-tumorigenic breast cell lines can provide valuable information related to breast cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, such a comparison can be explored to find potentially new protein biomarkers for early disease detection. In this study, exosomal proteomes of MDA-MB-231, a metastatic breast cancer cell line, and MCF-10A, a non-cancerous epithelial breast cell line, were identified by nano-liquid chromatog. coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. We also tested three exosomes isolation methods (ExoQuick, Ultracentrifugation (UC), and Ultrafiltration-Ultracentrifugation) and detergents (n-dodecyl β-D-maltoside, Triton X-100, and Digitonin) for solubilization of exosomal proteins and enhanced detection by mass spectrometry. A total of 1,107 exosomal proteins were identified in both cell lines, 726 of which were unique to the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Among them, 87 proteins were predicted to be relevant to breast cancer and 16 proteins to cancer metastasis. Three exosomal membrane/surface proteins, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), glypican 1 (GPC-1), and disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10), were identified as potential breast cancer biomarkers and validated with Western blotting and high-resolution flow cytometry. We demonstrated that exosomes are a rich source of breast cancer-related proteins and surface biomarkers that may be used for disease diagnosis and prognosis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Digitonin (cas: 11024-24-1SDS of cas: 11024-24-1).

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zargarzadeh, Mehrzad et al. published their research in Materials Horizons in 2022 | CAS: 9008-22-4

Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Tetrahydropyrans and furans principally constitute as a central motif in diverse medicinally privileged molecules. 2-(Arylmethylene)cyclopropylcarbinols could be converted to the corresponding tetrahydropyrans stereoselectively in the presence of Brønsted acids under mild conditions. A plausible Prins-type reaction mechanism has been proposed.Reference of 9008-22-4

Self-glucose feeding hydrogels by enzyme empowered degradation for 3D cell culture was written by Zargarzadeh, Mehrzad;Silva, A. Sofia;Nunes, Claudia;Coimbra, Manuel A.;Custodio, Catarina A.;Mano, Joao F.. And the article was included in Materials Horizons in 2022.Reference of 9008-22-4 This article mentions the following:

Hydrogels have been used in combination with cells for several biomedical and biotechnol. applications. Nevertheless, the use of bulk hydrogels has exhibited severe limitations in diffusion of oxygen, nutrients, and metabolites. Here, a support for cell culture is reported where glucose is generated in situ by the own hydrogel degradation, allowing cell survival and function while promoting tissue growth. For this purpose, laminaran (or laminarin)-based hydrogels were fabricated, immobilizing the adequate enzymes to obtain structural platforms for 3D cell culture and providing glucose feeding for metabolic activity of cells through polysaccharide degradation We demonstrate that tumor A549 cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can use the glucose resultant from the hydrogel degradation to survive and grow in non-added glucose cell culture medium. Addnl., in vivo biocompatibility and biodegradability of laminaran-based hydrogels were explored for the first time. The self-feeding hydrogels exhibited high potential in cell survival compared to native cell-laden laminaran hydrogels over two weeks of sub-cutaneous implantation. Such bioscaffolds with enzyme-empowered degradation capacity can be applied in diverse biotechnol. contexts such as tissue regeneration devices, biofactories, disease models, and cell delivery systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4Reference of 9008-22-4).

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Khan, Muhammad Fahad et al. published their research in BioTechniques in 2021 | CAS: 9008-22-4

Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Tetrahydropyrans are also used as important solvents, as chemical intermediate and as monomer for ring-opening polymerization. 2-(Arylmethylene)cyclopropylcarbinols could be converted to the corresponding tetrahydropyrans stereoselectively in the presence of Brønsted acids under mild conditions. A plausible Prins-type reaction mechanism has been proposed.Related Products of 9008-22-4

Application of a robust microplate assay to determine induced β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity in the cotton plant was written by Khan, Muhammad Fahad;Umar, Ummad-ud-din. And the article was included in BioTechniques in 2021.Related Products of 9008-22-4 This article mentions the following:

Resistance is induced in cotton plants as the result of either viral infection or exogenous application of elicitors. Induced resistance can be evaluated by determining the production of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in plants as a biochem. parameter. The assays being used for the determination of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activity are laborious and not cost-effective, as the reducing sugars produced by the substrates colloidal chitin and laminarin are very expensive. The concentration of both substrates was standardized and reduced to 0.25% from 4% in a modified microplate assay, which appeared to be more effective. The amount of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase produced was significant and determined by the new modified assay. The sensitivity of the microplate assay was significantly raised approx. one- to twofold. The existing procedure for determining resistance induced in cotton plants by viruses and elicitors is time-consuming and expensive. However, this resistance can be determined by β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity through a modified, cost-effective and robust technique. Here the authors present a 96-well polystyrene microplate assay, instead of a quartz cuvette assay, in which a decreased amount of costly substrates was used and a large number of samples were processed in a short time. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4Related Products of 9008-22-4).

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Selvam, R. et al. published their research in Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology in 2019 | CAS: 17388-39-5

(4aR,5R,6S)-4a-Hydroxy-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-5-vinyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1(3H)-one (cas: 17388-39-5) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Tetrahydropyran is an important raw material and intermediate used in Organic Synthesis, Pharmaceuticals, Agrochemicals and dyestuff. There is large number of marine macrolide natural products that contain tetrahydropyran and tetrahydrofuran ring together. For instance, goniodomin A (actin targeting polyether), prorocentrolide (toxin halistatins), and percentotoxineHPLC of Formula: 17388-39-5

Antioxidant properties of swertiamarin, from Enicostemma littorale blume. leaves studied in high fat diet fed and low dose streptozotocin induced diabetic rats was written by Selvam, R.;Muruganantham, K.;Subramanian, S.. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 17388-39-5 This article mentions the following:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine disorder characterized by insulin resistance, β cell dysfunction, visceral obesity, inflammation and chronic oxidative stress. However, insulin resistance is predominant in type 2 DM which results in persistent hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia promotes auto-oxidation of glucose to form free radicals. The generation of free radicals beyond the scavenging abilities of endogenous antioxidant defenses results in the development of both macro- and microvascular complications. In present study, we have evaluated the antioxidant property of swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside present in the Enicostemma littorale blume leaves in High fat fed and -Low dose streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. High-fat diet-fed and low-dose STZ was used to induce exptl. type 2 diabetes in rats. Diabetic rats were orally treated with swertiamarin (50 mg/kg b.w./rat/day) for 30 days. The levels of oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxides, hydroperoxides and protein carbonyls were determined The levels of both enzymic as well as non enzymic antioxidants were evaluated. Diabetic rats showed significantly increased levels of oxidative stress markers and declined levels of both enzymic and non enzymic antioxidants. Oral treatment of swertiamarin at a concentration of 50mg/kg bw/rat/day for 30 days decreased the levels of oxidative stress markers and improved the status of antioxidants in diabetic rats indicating the antioxidant properties of swertiamarin in addition to its antidiabetic properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4aR,5R,6S)-4a-Hydroxy-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-5-vinyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1(3H)-one (cas: 17388-39-5HPLC of Formula: 17388-39-5).

(4aR,5R,6S)-4a-Hydroxy-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-5-vinyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1(3H)-one (cas: 17388-39-5) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Tetrahydropyran is an important raw material and intermediate used in Organic Synthesis, Pharmaceuticals, Agrochemicals and dyestuff. There is large number of marine macrolide natural products that contain tetrahydropyran and tetrahydrofuran ring together. For instance, goniodomin A (actin targeting polyether), prorocentrolide (toxin halistatins), and percentotoxineHPLC of Formula: 17388-39-5

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bresson, Sophie E. et al. published their research in Environment International in 2022 | CAS: 9004-53-9

Dextrin (cas: 9004-53-9) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Dihydropyrans and tetrahydropyrans are examples of cyclic ethers widespread in nature. The Prins reaction of homoallylic alcohols with aldehydes afforded an alternative method for the preparation of tetrahydropyrans.Computed Properties of 0

Associations between persistent organic pollutants and type 1 diabetes in youth was written by Bresson, Sophie E.;Isom, Scott;Jensen, Elizabeth T.;Huber, Sandra;Oulhote, Youssef;Rigdon, Joseph;Lovato, James;Liese, Angela D.;Pihoker, Catherine;Dabelea, Dana;Ehrlich, Shelley;Ruzzin, Jerome. And the article was included in Environment International in 2022.Computed Properties of 0 This article mentions the following:

Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide with a continued increase in incidence occurring within the pediatric population. The potential contribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to diabetes in youth remains poorly known, especially regarding type 1 diabetes (T1D), generally the most prevalent form of diabetes in youth. We investigated the associations between POPs and T1D in youth and studied the impacts of POPs on pancreatic β-cell function and viability in vitro. We used data and plasma samples from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Case Control Study (SEARCH-CC). Participants were categorized as Controls, T1D with normal insulin sensitivity (T1D/IS), and T1D with insulin resistance (T1D/IR). We assessed plasma concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides and estimated the odds of T1D through multivariable logistic regression. In addition, we performed in vitro experiments with the INS-1E pancreatic β-cells. Cells were treated with PCB-153 or p,p’-DDE at environmentally relevant doses. We measured insulin production and secretion and assessed the mRNA expression of key regulators involved in insulin synthesis (Ins1, Ins2, Pdx1, Mafa, Pcsk1/3, and Pcsk2), glucose sensing (Slc2a2 and Gck), and insulin secretion (Abcc8, Kcnj11, Cacna1d, Cacna1b, Stx1a, Snap25, and Sytl4). Finally, we assessed the effects of PCB-153 and p,p’-DDE on β-cell viability. Among 442 youths, 112 were controls, 182 were classified with T1D/IS and 148 with T1D/IR. The odds ratios (OR) of T1D/IS vs. controls were statistically significant for p,p’-DDE (OR 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0, 3.8 and 2.4, 95% CI 1.2, 5.0 for 2nd and 3rd tertiles, resp.), trans-nonachlor (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3, 5.0 and OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1, 5.1 for 2nd and 3rd tertiles, resp.), and PCB-153 (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1, 4.6 for 3rd tertile). However, these associations were not observed in participants with T1D/IR. At an exptl. level, treatment with p,p’-DDE or PCB-153, at concentrations ranging from 1 × 10^-15 M to 5 × 10^-6 M, impaired the ability of pancreatic β-cells to produce and secrete insulin in response to glucose. These failures were paralleled by impaired Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA expression. In addition, among different targeted genes, PCB-153 significantly reduced Slc2a2 and Gck mRNA expression whereas p,p’-DDE mainly affected Abcc8 and Kcnj11. While treatment with PCB-153 or p,p’-DDE for 2 days did not affect β-cell viability, longer treatment progressively killed the β-cells. These results support a potential role of POPs in T1D etiol. and demonstrate a high sensitivity of pancreatic β-cells to POPs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dextrin (cas: 9004-53-9Computed Properties of 0).

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics