Latent 1,3-β-D-glucan acts as an adjuvant for allergen-specific IgE production induced by Japanese cedar pollen exposure was written by Kanno, Takashi;Adachi, Yoshiyuki;Ohashi-Doi, Katsuyo;Matsuhara, Hiroki;Hiratsuka, Rie;Ishibashi, Ken-ichi;Yamanaka, Daisuke;Ohno, Naohito. And the article was included in Allergology International in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Laminarin This article mentions the following:
The pollen grains of several plant species contain 1,3-β–glucan (BG). BG activates dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequently regulates the innate immune responses. Within Japan, the most common disease associated with type-I hypersensitivity is Japanese cedar pollinosis. However, the role of BG in Japanese cedar pollen (JCP) remains unclear. This study examined the localization and immunol. effects of BG in JCP. The localization of BG in JCP grain was determined by immunohistochem. staining using a soluble dectin-1 protein probe and a BG recognition protein (BGRP). The content of BG extracted from JCP was measured by a BGRP-based ELISA-like assay. The cytokine production by bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) obtained from wild-type and BG receptor (dectin-1) knock-out mice was examined in vitro. The mice were intranasally administered JCP grains and the specific serum Ig levels were then quantified. BG was detected in the exine and cell wall of the generative cell and tube cell of the JCP grain. Moreover, BG in the exine stimulated production of TNF-α and IL-6 in the BMDCs via a dectin-1-dependent mechanism. Meanwhile, JCP-specific IgE and IgG were detected in the serum of wild-type mice that had been intranasally administered with JCP grains. These mice also exhibited significantly enhanced sneezing behavior. However, dectin-1 knock-out mice exhibited significantly lower JCP-specific IgE and IgG levels compared to wild-type mice. Latent BG in JCP can act as an adjuvant to induce JCP-specific antibody production via dectin-1. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4Application In Synthesis of Laminarin).
Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Numerous natural products have tetrahydropyran skeleton as the building block for designing new natural products and their derivatives e.g. aplysiatoxins, avermectins, oscillatoxins, talaromycins, latrunculins and acutiphycins. The bismuth chloride-assisted cross-cyclization between homoallylic alcohols and epoxides provided various benzyl tetrahydropyran derivatives. The reaction afforded good yields of desired products and occurred under mild conditions.Application In Synthesis of Laminarin
Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics