Category: 9008-22-4

Comparison of the immune activation capacities of fucoidan and laminarin extracted from Laminaria japonica was written by An, Eun-Koung;Hwang, Juyoung;Kim, So-Jung;Park, Hae-Bin;Zhang, Wei;Ryu, Ja-Hyoung;You, SangGuan;Jin, Jun-O.. And the article was included in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2022.Category: tetrahydropyran This article mentions the following:

Laminaria japonica is a brown alga and is composed primarily of polysaccharides. Fucoidan and laminarin are the major polysaccharides of L. japonica and exhibit biol. activities, including immune modulation and anti-coagulant and antioxidant effects in animals and humans. In this study, we evaluated the ability of fucoidan and laminarin from L. japonica to induce immune cell activation and anti-cancer immunity, which has not yet been studied. The injection of fucoidan to mice promoted the upregulation of major histocompatibility complex and surface activation mols. in splenic dendritic cell subsets, whereas laminarin showed a weaker immune activation ability. In addition, fucoidan treatment elicited inflammatory cytokine production; however, laminarin did not induce the production of these cytokines. Regarding cytotoxic cell activities, fucoidan induced the activation of lymphocytes, including natural killer and T cells, whereas laminarin did not induce cell activation. Finally, fucoidan enhanced the anticancer efficacy of anti-programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody against Lewis lung carcinoma, whereas laminarin did not promote the cancer inhibition effect of anti-PD-L1 antibody. Thus, these data suggest that fucoidan from L. japonica can be used as an immune stimulatory mol. to enhance the anticancer activities of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4Category: tetrahydropyran).

Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Tetrahydropyrans and furans principally constitute as a central motif in diverse medicinally privileged molecules. The bismuth chloride-assisted cross-cyclization between homoallylic alcohols and epoxides provided various benzyl tetrahydropyran derivatives. The reaction afforded good yields of desired products and occurred under mild conditions.Category: tetrahydropyran

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A deep eutectic solvent magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for extraction of laminarin from seaweeds was written by Zhang, Wangbin;Zhao, Qianyu;Zhou, Xiaoqin;Chen, Jie;Liu, Yong;Tang, Liping;Min, Jianxin;Yan, Dongmei;Xu, Chen;Li, Bin;Yang, Xin. And the article was included in Microchimica Acta in 2022.Formula: 0 This article mentions the following:

Magnetic mol. imprinted polymers (MIPs) based on 4-vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC) and 4-vinylbenzoic acid (VBA) deep eutectic solvent as dual functional monomers was successfully synthesized for the specific recognition of laminarin. The MIPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, SEM, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric anal., and vibrating sample magnetometer anal. The results showed that the MIPs were spheres of a uniform size, with the surface rich in cavities and excellent superparamagnetism properties. The adsorption experiments showed that MIPs conform to pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity under optimal conditions was 322.58 μg·mg-1 and the imprinting factor was 2.13. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) of the developed material was 6.6 μM. Linearity of the material was obtained within the range 20-800 μM with a coefficient of determination (r2) being better 0.999. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 3.96%, and satisfactory recoveries were between 94.55 and 97.39%. The actual sample anal. manifested that MIPs could effectively sep. laminarin from Laminarin japonica Aiesch. Graphical abstract: [graphic not available: see fulltext] In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4Formula: 0).

Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Tetrahydropyran is a useful synthetic intermediate. Tetrahydropyranyl (THP-) ethers derived from the reaction of alcohols and dihydropyran are common intermediates in organic synthesis. Pyran derivatives such as pyran flavonoids are biologically important. Monosaccharides containing six-membered rings are called pyranose.Formula: 0

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Latent 1,3-β-D-glucan acts as an adjuvant for allergen-specific IgE production induced by Japanese cedar pollen exposure was written by Kanno, Takashi;Adachi, Yoshiyuki;Ohashi-Doi, Katsuyo;Matsuhara, Hiroki;Hiratsuka, Rie;Ishibashi, Ken-ichi;Yamanaka, Daisuke;Ohno, Naohito. And the article was included in Allergology International in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Laminarin This article mentions the following:

The pollen grains of several plant species contain 1,3-β–glucan (BG). BG activates dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequently regulates the innate immune responses. Within Japan, the most common disease associated with type-I hypersensitivity is Japanese cedar pollinosis. However, the role of BG in Japanese cedar pollen (JCP) remains unclear. This study examined the localization and immunol. effects of BG in JCP. The localization of BG in JCP grain was determined by immunohistochem. staining using a soluble dectin-1 protein probe and a BG recognition protein (BGRP). The content of BG extracted from JCP was measured by a BGRP-based ELISA-like assay. The cytokine production by bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) obtained from wild-type and BG receptor (dectin-1) knock-out mice was examined in vitro. The mice were intranasally administered JCP grains and the specific serum Ig levels were then quantified. BG was detected in the exine and cell wall of the generative cell and tube cell of the JCP grain. Moreover, BG in the exine stimulated production of TNF-α and IL-6 in the BMDCs via a dectin-1-dependent mechanism. Meanwhile, JCP-specific IgE and IgG were detected in the serum of wild-type mice that had been intranasally administered with JCP grains. These mice also exhibited significantly enhanced sneezing behavior. However, dectin-1 knock-out mice exhibited significantly lower JCP-specific IgE and IgG levels compared to wild-type mice. Latent BG in JCP can act as an adjuvant to induce JCP-specific antibody production via dectin-1. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4Application In Synthesis of Laminarin).

Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Numerous natural products have tetrahydropyran skeleton as the building block for designing new natural products and their derivatives e.g. aplysiatoxins, avermectins, oscillatoxins, talaromycins, latrunculins and acutiphycins. The bismuth chloride-assisted cross-cyclization between homoallylic alcohols and epoxides provided various benzyl tetrahydropyran derivatives. The reaction afforded good yields of desired products and occurred under mild conditions.Application In Synthesis of Laminarin

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Biochemical and synergistic properties of a novel alpha-amylase from Chinese nong-flavor Daqu was written by Chen, Lanchai;Yi, Zhuolin;Fang, Yang;Jin, Yanling;He, Kaize;Xiao, Yao;Zhao, Dong;Luo, Huibo;He, Hui;Sun, Qun;Zhao, Hai. And the article was included in Microbial Cell Factories in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 9008-22-4 This article mentions the following:

Daqu is the most important fermentation starter for Chinese liquor, with large number of microbes and enzymes being openly enriched in the Daqu system over thousands of years. However, only a few enzymes have been analyzed with crude protein for total liquefying power and saccharifying power of Daqu. Therefore, the complex enzymic system present in Daqu has not been completely characterized. Moreover, their pivotal and complicated functions in Daqu are completely unknown. In this study, a novel α-amylase NFAmy13B, from GH13_5 subfamily (according to the Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes Database, CAZy) was successfully heterologous expressed by Escherichia coli from Chinese Nong-flavor (NF) Daqu. It exhibited high stability ranging from pH 5.5 to 12.5, and higher specific activity, compared to other GH13_5 fungal α-amylases. Moreover, NFAmy13B did not show activity loss and retained 96% residual activity after pre-incubation at pH 11 for 21 h and pH 12 for 10 h, resp. Addnl., 1.25 mM Ca2+ significantly improved its thermostability. NFAmy13B showed a synergistic effect on degrading wheat starch with NFAmy13A (GH13_1), another α-amylase from Daqu. Both enzymes could cleave maltotetraose and maltopentaose in same degradation pattern, and only NFAmy13A could efficiently degrade maltotriose. Moreover, NFAmy13B showed higher catalytic efficiency on long-chain starch, while NFAmy13A had higher catalytic efficiency on short-chain maltooligosaccharides. Their different catalytic efficiencies on starch and maltooligosaccharides may be caused by their discrepant substrate-binding region. This study mined a novel GH13_5 fungal α-amylase (NFAmy13B) with outstanding alkali resistance from Nong-flavor (NF) Daqu. Furthermore, its synergistic effect with NFAmy13A (GH13_1) on hydrolyzing wheat starch was confirmed, and their possible contribution in NF Daqu was also speculated. Thus, we not only provide a candidate α-amylase for industry, but also a useful strategy for further studying the interactions in the complex enzyme system of Daqu. The nucleotide sequence of NFAmy13B obtained from the N3 cDNA library was deposited in the NCBI GenBank database under Accession Number MT849765. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4HPLC of Formula: 9008-22-4).

Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Tetrahydropyrans are useful synthons for biologically important compounds. The reaction of tertiary 1,4- and 1,5-diols with cerium ammonium nitrate at room temperature gives tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran derivatives in high yield and stereoselectivity. Various fragrant compounds have been synthesized using this method.HPLC of Formula: 9008-22-4

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

β-Glucan receptors on IL-4 activated macrophages are required for hookworm larvae recognition and trapping was written by Bouchery, Tiffany;Volpe, Beatrice;Doolan, Rory;Coakley, Gillian;Moyat, Mati;Esser-von Bieren, Julia;Wickramasinghe, Lakshanie C.;Hibbs, Margaret L.;Sotillo, Javier;Camberis, Mali;Le Gros, Graham;Khan, Nemat;Williams, David;Harris, Nicola L.. And the article was included in Immunology & Cell Biology in 2022.Related Products of 9008-22-4 This article mentions the following:

Recent advances in the field of host immunity against parasitic nematodes have revealed the importance of macrophages in trapping tissue migratory larvae. Protective immune mechanisms against the rodent hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) are mediated, at least in part, by IL-4-activated macrophages that bind and trap larvae in the lung. However, it is still not clear how host macrophages recognize the parasite. An in vitro co-culture system of bone marrow-derived macrophages and Nb infective larvae was utilized to screen for the possible ligand-receptor pair involved in macrophage attack of larvae. Competitive binding assays revealed an important role for β-glucan recognition in the process. We further identified a role for CD11b and the non-classical pattern recognition receptor ephrin-A2 (EphA2), but not the highly expressed β-glucan dectin-1 receptor, in this process of recognition. This work raises the possibility that parasitic nematodes synthesize β-glucans and it identifies CD11b and ephrin-A2 as important pattern recognition receptors involved in the host recognition of these evolutionary old pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first time that EphA2 has been implicated in immune responses to a helminth. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4Related Products of 9008-22-4).

Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. In organic synthesis, the 2-tetrahydropyranyl group is used as a protecting group for alcohols. One classic procedure for the organic synthesis of tetrahydropyran is by hydrogenation of the 3,4-isomer of dihydropyran with Raney nickel.Related Products of 9008-22-4

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Dectin-1 plays a deleterious role in high fat diet-induced NAFLD of mice through enhancing macrophage activation was written by Wang, Min-xiu;Luo, Wu;Ye, Lin;Jin, Lei-ming;Yang, Bin;Zhang, Qian-hui;Qian, Jian-chang;Wang, Yi;Zhang, Yi;Liang, Guang. And the article was included in Acta Pharmacologica Sinica.Quality Control of Laminarin This article mentions the following:

The innate immune response and inflammation contribute to hepatic steatosis and non-alc. fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dectin-1 is a pathogen recognition receptor in innate immunity. In this study, author investigated the role of Dectin-1 in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Author first showed that Dectin-1 expression was significantly elevated in liver tissues of patients with NASH. NAFLD was induced in mice by feeding high fat diet (HFD) for 24 wk. At the end of treatment, mice were sacrificed, and their blood and liver tissues were collected for anal. Author showed HFD feeding also increased liver Dectin-1 levels in mice, associated with macrophage infiltration. Either gene knockout or co-administration of a Dectin-1 antagonist laminarin (150 mg/kg twice a day, i.p., from 16th week to 24th week) largely protected the livers from HFD-induced lipid accumulation, fibrosis, and elaboration of inflammatory responses. In primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs), challenge with palmitate (PA, 200 μM), an abundant saturated fatty acid found in NAFLD, significantly activated Dectin-1 signaling pathway, followed by transcriptionally regulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Dectin-1 was required for hepatic macrophage activation and inflammatory factor induction. Condition media generated from Dectin-1 deficient macrophages failed to cause hepatocyte lipid accumulation and hepatic stellate activation. In conclusion, this study provides the primary evidence supporting a deleterious role for Dectin-1 in NAFLD through enhancing macrophage pro-inflammatory responses and suggests that it can be targeted to prevent inflammatory NAFLD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4Quality Control of Laminarin).

Laminarin (cas: 9008-22-4) belongs to tetrahydropyran derivatives. Tetrahydropyrans are useful synthons for biologically important compounds. The most notable anticancer agent, bryostatin, and eribulin are marine macrolides having intriguing tetrahydropyran and furan motif. Quality Control of Laminarin

Referemce:
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics